mRNAs encoding NKG2D ligand-targeted bispecific T-cell engagers confer robust antitumor activity

Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands are highly expressed in various tumor cells and therefore represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. A bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) with a fused extracellular domain of NKG2D and an anti-CD3 single-chain fragment variable (scFv) has shown significant anti-tumor potency. To circumvent the manufacturing challenges and short serum half-life of BiTEs, we developed lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding &alp