From rhetoric to regulation: inferring lobbying influence on EU efforts to regulate $$\text {CO}_2$$ emissions of cars using network analysis

Abstract This study shows how the automotive industry was able to influence the final legislation of the Community Strategy to reduce $${CO}_{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>CO</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> emissions from passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles , even though the European Commission’s introductory comments were supported by a competing interest group coalition: environmentalist NGO