Illicit trade in antiquities, fuelled by plundering, looting and theft, is an old business. Despite the emergence of the international legal framework to protect cultural heritage and prohibit illicit trade in some forms after World War II, pillaging and destruction in the wake of the twenty-first century have demonstrated that the humanity keeps losing its most precious treasures at a dangerous scale. Starting from the analysis of the market, its main players and the value chains, this chapter provides an overview of the latest policy developments and an analysis of customs capabilities to counter illicit trafficking from a supply chain perspective.