In a hospital room, a nurse scans an IV bag. A computer instantly logs the moment, creating a timestamp in a patient’s electronic record. In the data trail, it now appears that treatment has begun. But the drug hasn’t reached the patient yet. In a humanitarian group’s warehouse, another system is logging data. A shipment of supplies is recorded as received. But the system doesn’t say which donor funded those supplies, or which population they were meant to serve. To the system, inventory is inve