Bashar al-Assad’s death sentence raises complex questions of criminal responsibility, legality, trial in absentia, capital punishment, head-of-state immunity, extradition from Russia, and international jurisdiction. This article examines what the Syrian judgment establishes, what remains legally uncertain, and how international law may shape future accountability.
Bashar al-Assad Death Sentence: International Law and the Accountability of a Former Head of State
Edmarverson A. Santos


