international-law

The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), a member of the World Bank Group, has officially opened applications for its prestigious 2026 Internship Program in Washington, D.C. This highly competitive international internship offers graduate students and law students a rare opportunity to gain direct exposure to global investment arbitration, international dispute sett…

This article examines Spatial Economics and Regional Development in East Africa: A Critical Examination with a focused emphasis on Republic of Congo within the field of African Studies. It is structured as a qualitative study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most re…

Proposed framework hinges on a 60-day truce, reopening strait of Hormuz, and revived talks on limiting Iran nuclear programme • Middle East crisis: live updates Donald Trump has said a “memorandum of understanding” in talks to end the US-Israel war on Iran “has been largely negotiated”. Official details of the deal are scant and it remains possible that some aspects of the memo could change. Here…

Dr. Priyanka Anand, National Law University Odisha ABSTRACT The Indian Supreme Court's ruling in Authority for Advance Rulings (Income Tax) v. Tiger Global International II Holdings has ushered in a sea change in the judicial interpretation of double taxation avoidance treaties, the General Anti- Avoidance Rule (GAAR), and the sanctity of grandfathering provisions protecting pre-April 2017 foreig…

K Subba Ram Reddy, Vellore Institute of Technology ABSTRACT The artificially created islands in the South China Sea by China is a measured grandiose to have sweeping territorial demands and it is a complete defiance of the international law as laid down by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The 2016 South China Sea Arbitration, according to the law, declared that such a…

This study explored the views of police officers regarding Police Omnipresence Programs and Practices in Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. Anchored on the Routine Activity Theory of Cohen & Felson (1979), supported by the Broken Windows Theory of Wilson & Kelling (1982) and the Deterrence Theory of Becker (1968), the study examined police officers’ experiences, perceived impacts, challenges, …

ABSTRACT Archipelagic regions face public communication challenges influenced by fragmented geographical conditions, limited connectivity, and unequal access to public information. These conditions have caused public services and the distribution of governmental information in villages on Ambon Island to remain less than optimal, potentially creating communication gaps between the village governm…

This working paper argues that conventional globalization has created not only economic benefits but also security vulnerabilities, including technology leakage, intellectual property theft, cyber intrusion, economic coercion, and foreign influence operations. The paper examines China’s technology development model not merely as a matter of independent innovation, but as a combination of external…

The provision of legal aid by advocates has not yet been fully regarded as part of social contribution and social responsibility. The obligation of advocates to provide pro bono legal aid is closely connected to the concept of the rule of law and the law enforcement system that reflects the legal ideals or rechtsidee, namely legal certainty (rechtsicherheit), justice (gerechtigkeit), and utility …

This study is motivated by the suboptimal use of public aspirations in decision-making processes within the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), particularly in relation to weak management, documentation, follow-up mechanisms, and alignment with regional development priorities. This study aims to analyze the collection of public aspirations, their institutional processing within the DPRD, an…

This project examines the limits of predictive legal output in public-law decision-making. It asks whether AI-assisted legal systems can do more than retrieve authorities, summarize doctrine, predict outcomes, or generate plausible legal reasons. The central concern is that legal validity cannot be reduced to output production, because public law depends on institutional processes through which d…

International cooperation in criminal matters inevitably presupposes either occasional or systematic interaction between the law enforcement authorities of different States engaged in combating crime. The Republic of Uzbekistan conducts such cooperation with foreign States on the basis of mutual compliance with international treaty obligations. Within this framework, Uzbekistan acts as an equal,

Abstract The conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, a long-standing territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan, has produced severe humanitarian and legal challenges. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has played a crucial role in addressing some of these challenges. The paper examines the Court’s evolving jurisprudence on the conflict, focusing on landmark judgments, such as Chiragov v. A…

Abstract As a controversial governance instrument in the global cyberspace governance landscape, internet barriers establish differentiated connectivity boundaries in cyberspace through technical hierarchical restrictions, institutional regulatory frameworks, and ecological selective isolation. Initially formulated to address core demands including cybersecurity protection, local industrial nurtu…

The post-Cold War global order has unravelled. Liberal values and institutions are in full retreat, while authoritarians everywhere are emboldened. International law has given way to the rule of lawlessness. The world is more globalized than ever, but also increasingly fragmented and disorderly. Meanwhile, humanity faces a perfect storm of threats from runaway climate change to escalating geopoli…

This article analyzes ethics in the governance of public universities across diverse geographical contexts. Through a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol, 318 initial records were identified, of which 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings show that ethics is conceived not only as a formal normative framework, but also as a cultural and institutional su…

Abstract Legal dispute resolution hinges on the weighing of evidence and arguments across parties, yet human biases and bounded rationality can influence outcomes. Simulating this process with large language models can clarify both the capabilities and the anthropomorphic behavior. Most existing studies focus on algorithmic support for adjudication, such as online courts, risk assessment, and sen…