Case Report: Surgical excision of urethral transitional cell carcinoma by total urethrectomy combined with partial cystectomy and vesicovaginal urinary diversion in two female dogs

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), or urothelial carcinoma, is the most common malignant tumor of the canine urinary bladder or urethra, often causing urinary obstruction. While chemotherapy is generally considered as primary management, surgical treatments, including total or partial cystectomy, have occasionally been reported. This report describes two cases of canine urethral TCC managed with total urethrectomy combined with partial cystectomy and vesicovaginal urinary diversion. In both case