A high-flux membrane electrode assembly for CO₂ electroreduction to 4.5 M formate with over 8,000 h stability

Abstract The direct electroreduction of CO2 at an electrolyte-free cathode to generate liquid chemical products with high concentration, selectivity and stability is highly desired, yet extremely challenging, and such systems are lacking. Here we report a high-flux membrane electrode assembly design that uses core–shell structural Cu/Bi nanowires grown on three-dimensional Cu foam with a mean pore size of 190 μm (3D-Cu/Bi) as the cathode. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and high...