Ponds in urban green spaces, including those in private gardens and public areas, are important biodiversity refuges in otherwise ecologically constrained landscapes, and are significant nodes in the UK’s freshwater biome network. These ponds also represent diverse instances of complex ecosystems created and managed by people who have decisive roles in their construction and maintenance. The GenePools project was a multi-year community science project, initiated by the Defra DNA Centre of Excellence and subsequently led by Natural England as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA), which sought to directly involve community scientists in molecular genetic biodiversity assessment, engaging community scientists in each stage of the experimental process, from pond sampling through to multiple, iterative presentations and interpretations of results. Metabarcoding and taxonomic annotation of genetic marker regions targeting multiple taxonomic groups (vertebrates, invertebrates, microbial eukaryotes, plants, green algae and fungi, and prokaryotes) revealed extensive diversity associated with sampled ponds, including representatives of nearly all major branches of the eukaryote tree of life. The species lists generated were presented to community scientists via a specifically developed interactive dashboard in multiple formats, including sequence tables and interactive plots. Here we report on the findings of the final iteration of the project, conducted between April 2024 and March 2025, including community scientist-facing results, and a selection of further analyses demonstrating the strength of the generated dataset for exploring urban pond diversity and community composition.
Pond diversity in the hands of the community: eDNA metabarcoding meets participatory science in the GenePools project
David Bass

