BackgroundDespite the growing interest in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for practical brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, prefrontal hemodynamic responses during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks remain poorly characterized, even though these tasks demand sustained attentional engagement under fast-paced visual streams.MethodsWe examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and functional connectivity as indices of attentional monitoring during an RSVP task usi