Food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) is a common form of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. Its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Increasing evidence from human studies and emerging canine data suggests that bile acids (BAs) influence intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Duodenal mucosal biopsies from dogs with FRE (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 4) were analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing. Differential expression analysis (DESeq2), KEGG and Reactome pathwa