After retiring from the Navy, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance took on the role of U.S. ambassador to the Philippines. Thomas Buell, a prominent Spruance biographer, previously has claimed that Spruance’s involvement in the 1953 Philippine presidential election was ethically questionable, a perspective challenged by new research.

“A True Sailor-Statesman”—The Ethical Quandary of Ambassador Raymond A. Spruance in the Philippines
Andrew K. Blackley

