Handwriting speed and pen motor control in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
Ana Rita Matias
BackgroundHandwriting is a hierarchical cognitive–motor activity requiring the integration of motor execution, visuospatial processing, working memory, and executive control. Digital handwriting technology enables simultaneous assessment of process (kinematics) and product (performance outcomes), offering a theoretically grounded approach to detecting cognitive vulnerability in aging.MethodsThis study examined whether kinematic handwriting features differentiate institutionalized older adults wi