Image processing and AI techniques for climate change detection using remote sensing: a comprehensive review
Indragandhi Vairavasundaram
Climate change is accelerating spatially complex transformations in land, water, coasts, cryosphere, and ecosystems, creating a critical need for reliable, scalable, and timely monitoring based on Earth observation imagery. Conventional approaches that rely on sparse in-situ measurements, manual image interpretation, and simple spectral indices or thresholding often fail to capture subtle, heterogeneous, and multiscale changes, and they do not scale to today's multi-sensor, multi-temporal satell