The relationship between parental-child attachment consistency and shyness in adolescents with depressive disorders

BackgroundShyness is a common socio-emotional problem among adolescents with depressive disorders, and parent–child attachment may be associated with adolescents’ social functioning. However, the independent and combined effects of maternal and paternal attachment on shyness remain unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 252 adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders in Ningxia, China. Questionnaires were used to assess maternal and paternal attachment security and shyness. Polyn