Protocol-constrained AI enhances tacrolimus dosing accuracy in kidney transplant care
Wisit Cheungpasitporn
BackgroundTacrolimus dosing after kidney transplantation is complex, highly individualized, and prone to variability, which can impact graft outcomes. While machine learning (ML) approaches have been used primarily to predict tacrolimus concentrations, large language models (LLMs) may enable protocol-constrained clinical decision support by generating dosing recommendations aligned with established treatment guidelines.MethodsWe developed TacroDose AI, a protocol-constrained LLM based on GPT-4,