IntroductionHepatic transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a palliative treatment option for unresectable hepatic tumors in dogs. Accurate identification of tumor-feeding arteries, including extrahepatic collaterals, is essential for therapeutic efficacy but remains challenging with conventional digital subtraction angiography (cDSA). This study evaluated the feasibility and clinical utility of intraoperative C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) during hepatic TACE in dogs compared with