Effectiveness of vaping prevention campaign messages on cognitive and behaviorally proximal outcomes among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mercy Mumba
BackgroundVaping among adolescents has decreased but remains common among young adults, with ongoing concerns about nicotine health risks. Public health campaigns have increased vaping prevention messages, but evidence on their effectiveness, especially on cognitive and behavioral outcomes, is limited.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize recent experimental evidence on the effects of campaign-related vaping prevention messages on cognitive outcomes (e.g., knowled