West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has become a significant public health concern worldwide. The growing evidence suggests that WNV can also be released through urine, raising the possibility of shedding through environmental compartments. Wastewater treatment plants, therefore, emerge as an important area of research on the presence and persistence of WNV. This review discusses the existing information on the spread of WNV in human and animal hosts, the occurrence of vira