Spatial and temporal variability of snow in the Andes using MODIS snow product 2000–2025
Pablo Arancibia
Snow is a critical component of the Andean hydrological system, supporting water supply for drinking, irrigation, hydropower, and industry. Persistent cloud cover and limited in situ observations have hindered long-term assessments of snow dynamics across the Andes, the world’s longest mountain range. Here, we present a continent-scale analysis of snow persistence (SP) and snowline elevation from 2000 to 2025 using daily MODIS Terra–Aqua products enhanced with advanced temporal and spatial cloud