Document Type Article Publication Date 3-23-2026 Abstract In 1990, during Operation DESERT SHIELD, the buildup to the first Gulf War, the United States began to amass a naval presence not seen since World War II. The Navy deployed eight aircraft carriers, three amphibious ready groups, and numerous smaller warships to the Persian Gulf alone. Prior to this, no aircraft carrier had entered the Gulf since 1974, because the Navy considered the water space too constricted for carrier operations. It...
Set and Drift—Disposing of Sea Mines in Operation Desert Shield: Developing EOD Doctrine in Wartime
Thomas Bernitt et al.