The study examined the impact of ethical leadership on employee work engagement, self-efficacy, work meaningfulness, organizational commitment, and trust within a higher educational institution. Anchoring on social learning theory and social exchange theory, it also investigated self-efficacy, work meaningfulness, organizational commitment, and trust as mediating variables between ethical leaders…
United States citizens rely on state government employees to provide essential public services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these employees responded by administering both routine and novel procedures to protect public health, often placing them on the frontlines and at increased risk of contagion. Concurrently, the pandemic-driven economic downturn created budget shortfalls that threatened the…
This study examines the association between normative commitment and pay satisfaction among university counselors moderated by emotional exhaustion. The study employed quantitative, cross-sectional design, involving a sample of 294 university counselors working at three universities in China. The results confirmed that higher normative commitment is related to both lower emotional exhaustion and …
