endocrinology

Nature, Published online: 05 May 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01408-9 Some clinicians are pushing to broaden testosterone use, but there is debate about its benefits and risks.

AimTo clarify the molecular mechanisms through which lobetyolin (LT) modifies the gut microbiota-bile acid axis to multitarget the regulation of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and endometrial dysfunction, consequently breaking the vicious cycle and improving the pathological phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thereby establishing a theoretical ba…

Sex hormone related disorders, characterized by complex etiology and long-term health risks, pose a significant challenge to global health. Hormone-based therapies are often accompanied by adverse effects and fail to address the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The “gut microbiota-sex hormone axis” maintains endocrine homeostasis through diverse pathways, including enzymatic reactions, i…

This review examines how e-cigarette aerosols may disrupt testosterone through microRNA-mediated control of HPG axis signaling and Leydig cell function, revealing a regulatory layer that may precede detectable hormonal changes.

A condition that affects 10 to 15 percent of women may affect men, too. But many doctors don’t know about it

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a condition that affects millions of women around the world. It usually begins during the reproductive years and can have long-term effects on health. The condition is caused by an imbalance in hormones, especially higher levels of testosterone. These hormone changes can lead to several symptoms. Many women with […] The post Fasting diet could help control P…

Our review examines how e-cigarette aerosol constituents may disrupt Leydig cell testosterone synthesis through oxidative, mitochondrial, inflammatory, and epigenetic mechanisms, while highlighting the current gap between strong preclinical evidence and limited human data.

A teen went to the emergency room with classic signs of diabetes, but odd aspects of her case pointed to a second, rarer diagnosis.

Testosterone is often seen as a key hormone for men’s health. It is linked to strength, energy, and even confidence. Because of this, many people believe that low testosterone is the main cause of problems like tiredness, low mood, and lack of motivation. In recent years, more men have been seeking treatment to increase their […] The post Why boosting testosterone may not improve your energy or m…

A hormone called FGF21 can reverse obesity in mice by activating a newly identified brain circuit tied to metabolism. Surprisingly, it works in the hindbrain—the same region targeted by GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy—but through a completely different mechanism. Instead of suppressing appetite, FGF21 ramps up the body’s energy burning. This insight could pave the way for more targeted weight…

Nature Communications, Published online: 15 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71617-3 TRH neurons are located in brain regions controlling energy balance. Here, authors show that distinct hypothalamic TRH neurons regulate feeding, energy use, body temperature, and brown fat, and are involved in counteracting hypothermia.

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) officially recognized a fifth form of diabetes in 2025, after...

Nature Communications, Published online: 13 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71985-w Author Correction: Adipose-targeted triiodothyronine therapy counteracts obesity-related metabolic complications and atherosclerosis with negligible side effects

It’s an increasingly popular idea: “boosting” testosterone with diet tweaks – increasing foods rich in zinc and magnesium – hoping to build muscle faster. But the reality is more nuanced. Testosterone is an androgen hormone that plays a key role in development, particularly in boys during puberty. Its effect on muscle isn’t simply about how much of it you have, but how your body responds to it. “…

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management and a deep understanding of how the body processes energy. While many people confuse it with Type 2 diabetes, the two conditions have vastly different origins. Specifically, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks itself. Because of this, the pancreas loses its ability to pr…

Thyroid problems affect millions of people around the world, yet many people do not fully understand how important this small gland is. The thyroid is located in the front of your neck, and although it is small, it plays a very important role in keeping your body working properly. It controls how fast your body […] The post Big causes of thyroid problems and how to stay healthy appeared first on …

A new study explores how decreased testosterone and high fructose intake may interact to influence the development of fatty liver disease. Low testosterone can lead to several health issues, and poor dietary habits may further worsen these conditions. One example is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a growing global health concern that currently affects [...]

Your diabetes treatment could be putting your life at risk if you have this newly recognized condition. Discover the symptoms of Type 5 diabetes and why insulin isn't always the answer.

Samantha DiGruccio, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She is a physician‑scientist trained through the University of Virginia Medical Scientist Training Program and completed her internal medicine residency and endocrinology fellowship at Washington University/…