SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Gyroscopic effects split circumferential traveling-wave resonances of rotating structures into forward and backward branches. This work first analyzes the splitting in the co-rotating (Lagrangian) frame to provide physical intuition for the evolution of the two branches with spin speed. A transformation to the inertial (Eul…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Noise phenomena in automobiles caused by the stick-slip effect are increasingly among the most frequent reasons for customer complaints and therefore represent a critical vehicle quality attribute. To proactively address such issues, stick-slip testing of contacting material pairs is commonly applied during development. How…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents an analytical model for three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) based on Magnetic Equivalent Circuits (MECs). The approach combines a reduced magnetic network, formulated in the complex domain to simplify the mathematical development, with an offline parameter estimation procedure systema…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent advancements in system-level NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) development methodologies have improved target cascading and enabled more efficient system-level optimization. Dynamic substructuring facilitates the virtual integration and modification of multiple subsystems and the prediction of changes in overall …

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicle subsystems, including powertrains, electric motors, and gearboxes, pose new challenges in achieving stringent acoustic performance targets for both interior and exterior noise. These challenges are intensified by increasingly demanding customer expectations regarding interior acoustic comfort, which encompa…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle electrification and accelerated development cycles create a need for virtual Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) development tools which are fast, precise and, seamlessly interchangeable between development sites, suppliers and OEMs. Component-based Transfer Path Analysis (C-TPA), standardized in ISO 20270:2019, en…

<div class="section abstract">An application of a Non-Parametric Variability Modeling (NPVM), as introduced by Pr. Soize, of a full vehicle road noise simulation, is an opportunity to highlight some applicative issues of such a stochastic approach. First, the convergence of the stochastic computations is considered by introducing the probabilistic modal density of the considered model as an…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In electrified vehicles, auxiliary components can represent a dominant source of noise, one of which is the refrigerant scroll compressor. Compared with vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, electrified vehicles require larger refrigerant compressors, as thermal management is needed not only for the passenger …

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Reconstruction of acoustic radiation from vibrating structures is central in vibroacoustics, as full-field sound information is essential for identifying radiation mechanisms and improving structural-acoustic performance. Conventional microphone-based measurements are limited by spatial sampling constraints and high experim…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The increasing electrification of vehicles means that heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems have a broader range of tasks and a different priority assessment. In electric cars, air conditioning systems are not only responsible for cooling the passenger compartment, but also for controlling the battery temperatur…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Part- or component-level tests are commonly performed by Tiers and OEMs to investigate the NVH behavior and loading mechanisms. However, because test bench dynamics differ from those of the actual vehicle environment, correlating measured sound, acceleration and forces between bench and vehicle often proves challenging.<…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">By using a fully trimmed vehicle body as flexible body, imported through a Modal Neutral File (MNF), in a complete vehicle Multibody Dynamics (MBD) analysis, the simulation setup gets considerably closer to the test conditions compared to only using a linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach. Since the MBD analysis inclu…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric high voltage (HV) cables are commonly used in automotive applications and very prominently in electrified vehicles. These cables are potential flanking transmission paths for structure-borne sound in a broad frequency range and must therefore be included in the NVH design process. Electrical high voltage cables exh…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Simplicity and electrification of the propulsion system are one of the most important trends in vehicle development and integration process. The complexity of NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) design and refinement is the core challenge to this process. Customers’ expectations of an unnoticeable engine during driving mak…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sound source localization is a fundamental capability for environmental awareness in a wide range of applications, including automotive or automated vehicles. Microphone-array-based signal processing techniques are widely used for this task. However, achieving sufficient localization accuracy often requires a large number o…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the automotive industry, controlling noise transmission through vehicle components is essential for passenger comfort and regulatory compliance. Traditionally, Transmission Loss (TL) is estimated using simplified CAD-based metrics, which lack accuracy at high frequencies and for complex assemblies. Modeling complex vehic…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Realistic seat vibration reproduction is essential for delivering authentic haptic cues and enhancing driver immersion in driving simulators. Unlike direct playback of road recordings, simulator applications require vibration synthesis that responds interactively to driver inputs and vehicle dynamics. Reproducing these vibr…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of backing polyurethane (PU) foam material properties on the insertion loss of acoustic insulation pads was investigated. First, the material properties affecting the resonant frequency, which mainly determines the insertion loss, were theoretically identified, and practical methods for calculating both the reson…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle electrification and increasing demands for driving comfort present significant challenges for designing effective noise control treatments (NCTs) in modern vehicles. Lightweight, low-emission designs often compromise acoustic efficiency. A popular and efficient way of compensating for this is through the use of mult…

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Achieving best-in-class Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) in electric powertrains demands a paradigm shift in development methodology. This paper presents a practice-oriented overview of simulation methods in NVH development methodology for electric drive units. This includes target cascading and multi-objective optimis…