Theoretical and Natural Science

Here, we summarize available data on mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting the microbiota. Gut microbiota could affect both antitumor immunity and immune-related toxicities through orchestration of the mucosal and systemic immune response, altering the abundance of functionally relevant taxa, ch…

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant histological type of oral cancer, with a continuously increasing disease burden and unsatisfactory long-term survival. c-MYC and gain-of-function mutant p53 (GOF-p53) are important oncogenic factors in OSCC/head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but both remain difficult to target directly. Leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) can main…

Selective photothermolysis is the basic theoretical foundation of laser therapy, and now a highly used diagnostic and treatment method in dermatology is based on it. Although laser therapy has shown some good curative effects on various skin diseases, clinical application still faces many problems: the parameters are not standardized, the criteria for choosing them are inconsistent, the assessmen…

Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a broad spectrum of injuries affecting patients all age groups. Individual in this condition typically experience shoulder joint pain, restricted joint mobility, and a decline in muscle strength. How to effectively intervene in the treatment of RCRSP has become a hot topic in clinical research. Current primary interventions consist of biological thera…

To review the research and application status of digital therapy interventions for improving communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to provide evidence‑based references for clinical practice.Following the PRISMA guidelines,we searched eight electronic databases for relevant records from their inception through March 2026. The search strategy used Boolean operator…

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by persistent traumatic memories and flashbacks, which may arise from dysregulated synaptic plasticity mediated by inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms. Three intervention strategies are evaluated in this paper. They are exercise and exposure therapy, targeted drugs, and personalized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) respe…

Throughout the propagation process, high-speed satellite communication signals are significantly influenced by both special and general relativistic effects. These relativistic effects, including Doppler shifts, gravitational redshifts, and time dilation, cause frequency deviations and reception time errors, affecting communication accuracy and the positioning performance of navigation systems. I…

Circadian Rhythm disruption in modern society damages the hippocampus and leads to memory loss. However, the existing interventions for the central clock have not restored hippocampal rhythms and cognition. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the neural circuits and molecular feedback loops of the mammalian circadian system, analyzes the regulatory effects of environmental zeitgebers …

Male breast cancer is uncommon, but its clinical management remains challenging because evidence is still far less abundant than that for female breast cancer. This study used data from the SEER Program to evaluate prognostic factors in male breast cancer and to compare the performance of Cox proportional hazards and accelerated failure time (AFT) models. After data cleaning and variable construc…

DNA replication is essential for maintaining genome integrity during cell division. However, endogenous and exogenous factors frequently induce replication stress, leading to replication fork stalling and genome instability if unresolved. Recent studies have identified multiple mechanisms that coordinate replication fork stabilisation, protection and restart, although their regulation and roles i…

Locally aggressive and prone to recurrence, ameloblastoma (AME) is among the most common odontogenic epithelial tumors of the jaws. Histopathological diagnosis is often difficult because AME morphologically overlaps with other jaw lesions; where specialist expertise is scarce, misdiagnosis can lead to suboptimal surgery and poorer outcomes. This narrative review examines current evidence on AI-as…

Motor disabilities like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or high-level paraplegia severely affect patient's interaction with their environment and independence. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are an essential technology linking neural activity to external devices to recover lost functions. Advances in signal acquisition and decoding algorithms have greatly enhanced the accuracy and stabilit…

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) continues to pose serious risks to public health, yet the interaction between weather conditions and human-induced emissions in coastal megacities has not been fully captured by existing studies. To fill this gap, the present work develops an integrated econometric framework for quantifying the main determinants of Shanghai's PM2.5 levels over the 2020–2024…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder in which long-term brain inflammation interacts with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau abnormalities, leading to synaptic damage and cognitive decline. Interleukins are important in this process because they connect glial activation, harmful protein accumulation, and neuronal injury. Although recent studies have identified inflammatory pathway…

Monte Carlo simulation is a stochastic numerical method that approximates solutions to mathematical problems via repeated random sampling. Owing to its conceptual simplicity and broad applicability, it has become a foundational computational tool across physics, finance, engineering, and data science. This paper examines the algorithmic principle of Monte Carlo π estimation and systematically ana…

In order to utilize solar energy more effectively and alleviate energy difficulties, this paper proposes the use of a metasurface to construct a solar absorber. The materials used include a highly reflective TiN substrate, a SiO 2 dielectric layer, and a TiN hexagonal-prism ring pattern layer. Through simulation calculations using COMSOL software, it is shown that for the wavelength range of 300—…

Conventional gene editing delivery systems are plagued by poor long-term blood circulation stability, weak active tumour-targeting capability, and severe off-target immunogenicity after systemic intravenous administration, greatly restricting the widespread clinical application of precise minimally invasive malignant tumour therapy. This paper reviews considerable recent preclinical literature to…

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia among older adults in ageing populations, and the pathological changes that occur before symptoms appear are too extensive; therefore, the focus of research has shifted from late-stage treatment to prevention. This paper investigates whether the low chronic-disease burden in Blue Zone populations can serve as a starting point for prevention-…

Photocaging converts a functional molecule into a latent derivative by installing a photoremovable protecting group that can be cleaved by irradiation. The strategy links molecular synthesis with optical control, allowing chemical reactivity, biological activity, and material function to be initiated at defined positions and times. Its development has moved from ultraviolet responsive o-nitrobenz…

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide patients with severe motor disorders with a new way to bypass damaged nerve pathways and control external devices by decoding the nerve activity of the motor cortex. Current research has made progress in continuous movement, multi-degree-of-freedom control and sensory feedback, but long-term stability, control accuracy and clinical safety are still lim…