Frontiers in Oncology

Background Cystic and solid masses (CSMs) present a significant diagnostic challenge due to their heterogeneous internal architecture and a relatively high malignancy rate (23%–31%). Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC), an aggressive and rare subtype of triple-negative breast cancer, often presents as a CSM, frequently leading to clinical misinterpretation and delayed treatment. Case description W…

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations play a key driving role in the development and progression of lung cancer. Currently, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) serve as the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, with the widespread use of these drugs, resistance has become increasi…

Background Malnutrition is prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and may adversely influence oncologic prognosis and perioperative recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified associations between malnutrition diagnosed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and clinical outcomes in CRC. Methods This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Sys…

Introduction Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) belong to the most frequent immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). They can undergo an anti- or pro-tumoral polarization, the latter often referred to as M2-like activation. Because existing data are either not consistent, not well-connected to clinicopathological parameters or lack a detailed …

Introduction Discovery of biomarkers predictive of endotheliopathy after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has the potential to more rapidly identify vulnerable patients, guide treatment decisions, track responses to therapy, and inform targets for novel treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the levels and predictive capabilities of glycocalyx biomarkers for endotheliopathy in the first…

Background The incidence and influencing factors of surgical site infection(SSI) in oral cancer were investigated through meta-analysis. Methods The search was conducted from inception until April 2024 in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using a combination of subject terms and keywords. Observational studies (cohort and case-control) investigating the inci…

The systemic complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cancer demand diagnostic strategies beyond single modalities. The integration of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) with liquid biopsy offers a revolutionary paradigm for a comprehensive view of tumor biology. This approach synergizes PET/MRI’s high-resolution spatial information—covering anatomical, functi…

Introduction Integration of biomarkers into clinical management of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remains limited due to disease rarity and heterogeneity. By utilizing publicly available genomic databases, we’ve established a large cohort of well-differentiated PNETs for study, focusing on somatic mutations and disease subgroup stratification through a modified targe…

Background Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and impaired response to conventional nutritional support, affecting up to 80% of advanced cancer patients and contributing to poor prognosis. Excessive fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation have been implicated in cachexia-associated muscle atroph…

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide and continues to be a major cause of cancer-related mortality despite substantial therapeutic progress. Chemotherapy remains a central component of treatment, especially in high-risk early breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HER2-positive disease, and selected hormone receptor-positive tumors. Ov…

Background Capillary hemangiomas of the central nervous system are exceedingly rare. Previously documented cases have predominantly been located in the intracranial or spinal regions, with the majority presenting as solitary focal lesions. Case description A 57-year-old woman complained back pain, urinary problems, and numbness and weakness in the lower extremities. MRI revealed thickening and en…

Background Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor that lacks a specific line of differentiation. Its clinical presentation is nonspecific, and it is frequently misdiagnosed as other fibrohistiocytic tumors such as atypical fibroxanthoma, leading to delayed definitive treatment. Case presentation A 46-year-old female presented with a slowly enlarging…

In the setting of pelvic disorders, before the introduction of MRI defecography, conventional fluoroscopic defecography was the gold standard. Compared to this latter, MRI defecography has the advantage of providing a full pelvic study, enabling the diagnosis of any coexisting diseases (i.e. oncological or inflammatory ones) that could be missed on conventional fluoroscopic defecography. We prese…

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) enable targeted delivery of cytotoxic or immunomodulatory payloads to cancer cells while relatively sparing healthy tissues. Interest in using ADCs for the treatment of primary brain tumors is growing, as these are frequently infiltrative with tumor cells coexisting with healthy glial and neural tissue. Emerging clinical and translational data from studies of ADCs …

Rationale The acetylation level of XRCC6 is significantly decreased in clinical breast cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues; however, the relationship between this alteration and the occurrence and development of breast cancer remains unclear. Methods Acetylproteomics was employed to detect changes in protein acetylation levels in clinical samples. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) ass…

Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells, mediated by a sequential enzymatic cascade involving E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating), and E3 (ligase) enzymes that catalyze the covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to substrate proteins. This modification precisely controls substrate stability, localization, and function, thereby governing fundamental cellular proce…

Objective This study mainly explores the effect of positive psychological intervention on the psychosocial adjustment of breast cancer patients of childbearing age. Methods A total of 130 childbearing-age breast cancer patients admitted to our hospital were enrolled as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group, with 65 cases in each group. The control g…

Background The pronounced heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) leads to variable responses to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors (HTP therapy). This study aimed to develop and validate a combined model integrating habitat radiomics, peritumoral radiomics, and clinical factors to predict early treatment response in patient…

Background Osimertinib is the standard adjuvant therapy for resected epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its use is limited by osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease (Osi-ILD). Case Presentation We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman with resected stage IIB (pT1cN1M0) EGFR L858R-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who developed grade 2 Os…

Background Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden among women. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the primary driver of cervical carcinogenesis, yet additional cellular regulatory processes are required for tumor progression. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has been implicated in cancer metabolism and therapeutic respons…