Processes

With continuously growing heat loads of microelectronic and aerospace equipment, spray cooling stands out as an effective high-heat-flux thermal management technology. Though room-temperature spray cooling has been extensively explored, liquid nitrogen spray cooling, a competitive cryogenic cooling approach, still lacks clear parametric laws and heat transfer limits due to harsh and unstable low-…

Tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Mahu area are characterized by strong heterogeneity, complex fracture–matrix interactions, and rapid pressure depletion after volumetric fracturing, which severely restricts the sustainable production of horizontal wells. To clarify the applicability of post-fracturing energy replenishment and enhanced oil recovery strategies, this study establishes single-fra…

The development of functional bakery products enriched with plant-based biologically active ingredients has attracted increasing attention due to their potential nutritional and technological benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a plant-based biologically active additive composed of Jerusalem artichoke powder, sprouted oat powder, sprouted barley powder, and licorice root powder …

Artificial intelligence (AI) data centers are creating large, power-dense loads, often faster than transmission lines, substations, transformers, and grid interconnections can be expanded. This review assesses whether solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can provide dependable on-site power during these grid delivery constraints and remain competitive after grid capacity becomes available. We criticall…

This study devised a blasting experiment to establish a dynamic quantified relationship between blasting and movement, failure, and ejection of rock masses. The experiment was conducted using the 3D digital image correlation method (3D-DIC), which provided high-speed images capturing the process of shallow-buried tunnel blasting. The study analyzed the mechanical behavior of full-section rock mas…

The production of coal fines during the drainage of coalbed methane (CBM) wells in the southern Qinshui Basin severely restricts gas production. This study systematically investigates the distribution characteristics of coal fines concentration by integrating field sampling, laboratory testing, physical simulation, and numerical simulation. The results show that the wellhead coal fines concentrat…

Coffee husks (Coffea arabica) are abundant agro-industrial by-products with potential for value-added applications, making the optimization of drying conditions essential for preserving their quality. This study evaluated the effects of drying temperature on the drying kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and volatile profile of coffee husks from organic and conventional production systems. Sample…

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising electrolyte media for solar redox flow batteries, but their high viscosity and sluggish ion transport can limit redox-species diffusion, interfacial charge transfer, and photocharging performance. This study aimed to regulate a TEMPO/VCl3-based DES electrolyte by controlled water addition for a Yb,Er-doped TiO2–g-C3N4 photoanode solar redox flow battery…

Water flooding in low-permeability, highly heterogeneous reservoirs often causes a rapid increase in water cut and inefficient pressure maintenance because injected water preferentially flows through high-permeability channels. In this study, a field-scale compositional simulation model was established to evaluate CO2 water-alternating-gas (WAG) enhanced oil recovery in a mature waterflooded rese…

This study proposes a microservices-based software architecture for implementing digital twins (DT) in real-time industrial process control. Unlike monolithic approaches, the proposed architecture decouples acquisition, modeling, prediction, and actuation into independent containerized services orchestrated by Kubernetes. Communication is handled via MQTT for lightweight telemetry and gRPC for lo…

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) heat exchangers offer high surface-area-to-volume ratios and interconnected flow pathways, making them attractive for compact thermal management. However, accurately predicting nanofluid heat transfer over a wide range of nanoparticle concentrations and operating conditions in complex TPMS geometries remains computationally challenging because of the coupled…

In this paper, a numerical method was used to study the dielectric recovery characteristics underwater discharge. The Keller-Miksis equation was used to study the bubble evolution, considering the internal thermodynamic parameters. The temperature and pressure inside the bubble was estimated the second breakdown voltage. The calculated results showed the precise values for second breakdown voltag…

Upper-loss and lower-kick (UL–LK) events may occur in ultra-deep fractured carbonate formations when gas enters from a lower high-pressure zone while drilling fluid is lost to an upper low-pressure fracture. Because both flows can continue after shut-in, the wellbore remains incompletely closed. This study develops a transient wellbore-formation pressure model based on phase mass conservation and…

A tight conglomerate is mechanically heterogeneous because gravel particles, the matrix, and their contacts can perturb hydraulic-fracture paths. This study presents an exploratory comparison of three 2.0 m × 2.0 m × 1.0 m reconstituted conglomerate specimens, identified as specimen 97 (Condition A), specimen 98 (Condition B), and specimen 99 (Condition C). One meter-scale specimen was tested und…

Jarosite-type residues generated during zinc hydrometallurgical processing represent a significant environmental liability and a latent source of valuable metals (Zn, Pb, Ag). In this study, the thermal decomposition and mineralogical evolution of an industrial ammonium jarosite residue were investigated to 600–1400 °C. The behavior of the as-received residue was compared against a designed flux-…

The evaluation of fault sealing is important research content in the early evaluation of underground gas storage construction. To accurately predict the pressure limit of the fault, a new method involving the analysis of fault lateral sealing and a comprehensive evaluation of mechanical stability is proposed in this paper. The results show that the Shale Gouge Ratio values of the faults in the re…

This study quantitatively investigates the coupled effects of curing temperature and slurry density on the early-age acoustic maturation of ultra-low-density Hollow Glass Microsphere (HGM)-modified oil well cement systems, addressing the critical challenge of determining reliable sonic logging timing under lightweight cementing conditions. Longitudinal wave velocity evolution was systematically c…

Internal leakage directly affects the efficiency and positioning accuracy of electro-hydraulic proportional directional valves. This study establishes an annular-clearance leakage model incorporating eccentricity, pressure-dependent viscosity, and pressure-induced deformation, and develops a main-stage spool valve model in Simcenter AMESim 2021.1. Single-factor simulations and an L18 orthogonal d…

A coupled numerical model was developed to investigate the phase evolution and diverting acidizing performance of CO2-foamed acid in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. The model integrates CO2 phase evolution, gas–liquid two-phase Darcy flow, acid–rock reactions, heat transfer, pore-structure evolution, and foam mobility control. By dynamically updating CO2 thermophysical properties in response …

Hybridizing concentrated solar power (CSP) with residual biomass allows supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles to deliver dispatchable low-carbon electricity, but it is unclear whether the extra equipment of the more efficient layouts adds a life-cycle burden that offsets their thermodynamic gain. This work reports what is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first unified energy, exergy, environmental…