Mathematics

Reliable regional mortality rates are crucial for public health monitoring and planning. However, their estimation is often complicated by data limitations, with data being published only in broad age groups or affected by systematic errors. This is particularly relevant in intercensal periods, when population estimates may increasingly diverge from the true population structure. Using the German…

The estimation of the uncertainty of random variables or the entropy of stochastic processes has attracted considerable attention in many studies. In this study, we focus on obtaining estimators for the Shannon, Rényi, Tsallis, and Havrda–Charvat entropy measures of the Kumaraswamy distribution. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods are employed to obtain entropy estimators under pro…

We propose two multi-layer controlled multi-output remote state preparation (RSP) schemes for arbitrary single-qubit and single-qudit states. Twelve-particle entangled channels are constructed in two-dimensional and d-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and a hierarchical authorization mechanism is introduced to enable controllers with different permission levels to jointly and selectively regulate the r…

Allocating elective patients to operating rooms (ORs) under uncertain surgery durations and limited historical data requires balancing, opening costs against overtime risk. We develop a data-driven distributionally robust optimization model (DDRO) that jointly determines OR openings and patient assignments, with room-level risk measured by worst-case expected overtime over a Delage–Ye moment-base…

In this paper, we derive complete weight distributions and solve constrained optimization problems for affine-half coordinate extensions of a known family of partial-spread minimal binary codes. The extended code has length 2m+2m−1−1 and dimension m+1, and it remains minimal. The repetition step and its preservation of minimality are elementary; the principal results instead consist of an affine …

This paper focuses on the construction and analysis of codes over the Frobenius ring T. By exploiting the idempotent structure of the ring, codes over T are decomposed into direct sums of component codes over a related local Frobenius non-chain ring. A gray map is constructed and shown to be bijective and distance-preserving, allowing code parameters to be determined from their gray images. Linea…

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy prescribed-time output feedback control approach for strict-feedback nonlinear cyber–physical systems (CPSs) subjected to malicious attacks, output constraints, and backlash-like hysteresis. To approximate unknown system nonlinearities, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are employed. A practical prescribed-time stability condition is introduced, based on which a pre…

Full-vehicle active suspension control requires coordinated regulation of ride comfort, body posture, suspension travel, tire road holding, and control effort. To improve the adaptability of fixed-weight MPC while retaining model-based interpretability, this paper proposes a TD3-MPC posture-feedback controller for a seven-degree-of-freedom full-vehicle active suspension system. The TD3 Actor is t…

Our environment deteriorates primarily due to the emissions of carbon dioxide. Scientists and entrepreneurs promote carbon offset to reduce the emissions. Scientists and investors explore the investments of carbon offset. Some scientists encouragingly construct portfolio selection models but do not completely optimize them. Some scientists encouragingly construct capital asset pricing models (CAP…

With the increasing power of institutional investors, in order to compete for more investment agency business, the competition among institutional investors has become increasingly fierce. This paper studies a non-zero-sum game between two competing institutional investors who adopt mean–variance preferences and account for model uncertainty in order to derive robust optimal portfolios. The ambig…

This study develops a single-level energy management optimization model that evaluates hourly electricity market data and hourly dynamic emission factors (DEF) within a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The model uses hourly PV production data for 2025, hourly market clearing price (MCP) data from the EPİAŞ day-ahead market, and hourly dynamic emission factors. The aim is to maximize total…

This study presents a comparative machine-learning investigation for predicting the optical absorption coefficient of truncated pyramidal GaN/AlxGa1−xN quantum dots. The physical dataset is generated by solving the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation using a coordinate-transformation method combined with the finite-difference method (FDM). The coordinate transformation maps the sloping boundar…

Resolvent Monte Carlo estimates eigenvalues of large matrices by sampling Markov chains and reading the target value off a truncated resolvent quotient, trading exact arithmetic for a stochastic error that the almost-optimal sampling scheme is designed to suppress. This paper studies when that error vanishes outright. An exact closed-form identity is derived for the variance of the moment estimat…

We compare the specific dissipation Q−1ω for the Becker, Lomnitz, and Lambert models in linear viscoelasticity. Graphically, the specific dissipation of these models behaves similarly as ω→0+ and ω→+∞. Furthermore, we obtain analytic formulas for the asymptotic behavior of Q−1ω in the Becker and Lomnitz models as ω→0+ and ω→+∞, where the latter limit coincides with the specific dissipation of the…

Modeling choice is key to modal analysis of rib-reinforced vibration test fixtures; however, systematic criteria for selecting shell or solid finite element (FE) models remain limited. This study proposes a decision framework that translates comparisons between shell and solid models into selection criteria. Five headlamp vibration test fixtures were modeled using shell and solid elements under i…

This work constructs high-order numerical methods for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations featuring the Caputo fractional derivative with respect to another function. Through variable transformation of the fractional differential operator, the original governing problem is converted into a weakly singular Volterra integral equation. After conducting the variable substitution x=…

The economic scheduling of grid-connected microgrids requires the coordinated dispatch of renewable energy sources, controllable distributed generators, battery energy storage systems, and power exchange with the utility grid while satisfying various operational constraints. Owing to the time-varying nature of renewable generation and load demand, this problem often exhibits strong nonlinearity, …

Predicting compressive–shear fracture in rock masses containing complex flaw distributions remains a major challenge in rock engineering. We propose an improved non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (NOSB-PD) model to simulate rock fracture behavior in this work. A stabilized NOSB-PD formulation is developed by incorporating a bond-level deformation gradient strategy to effectively suppress the z…

A mixed redundancy, in which some components of a subsystem operate under active redundancy while the others wait in cold standby, has recently been shown to achieve a higher system reliability than the traditional active and standby strategies within equivalent resources. Existing reliability models for the strategy, however, either provide only a lower bound of the subsystem reliability or rest…

This study investigates the collaborative green vehicle routing problem with time-dependent travel speeds (CGVRP-TD), which integrates horizontal collaboration among multiple depots with time-dependent traffic conditions. The problem jointly optimizes customer allocation, vehicle routing, and departure-time decisions to minimize transportation-related carbon emissions subject to vehicle capacity …