Applied Sciences

This study proposes a robust data-driven control framework, LSTM-MPC, designed to enhance the velocity stabilization of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operating under stochastic marine disturbances. Traditional control methods often struggle with the highly nonlinear and time-varying hydrodynamics of irregular waves. To address this, we employ a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neur…

Anisakis simplex allergens are highly resistant to conventional processing, posing a health risk that limits the use of infested fish both for human consumption and for animal feed. To assess the safety and nutritional value of viscera silage, hake (Merluccius merluccius) viscera were processed with formic acid and stored for four months. Two experimental diets were prepared—one containing silage…

Growing concerns over food security and greenhouse gas emissions present a dual challenge, as mitigation strategies for one often intensify the other. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have emerged as a promising approach to simultaneously reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and enhance crop productivity. However, their effectiveness is highly dependent on environmental conditions. To systematicall…

The Low-Strain Pile Integrity Test (LSPIT), standardized in ASTM D5882, is widely used as a rapid and economical non-destructive technique for assessing pile continuity in deep foundation systems. However, interpretation of LSPIT reflectograms remains strongly dependent on expert judgment and is influenced by soil–pile interaction effects such as damping and radiation losses, which can alter wave…

Reliable determination of radon adsorption properties in candidate adsorbents is essential for developing highly sensitive methods capable of measuring low 222Rn activity concentrations in air. Such measurements are increasingly important in environmental monitoring, climate research, and low-background experiments. Conventional approaches for determining the adsorption coefficient and heat of ad…

Most existing DNN-based image watermarking methods adopt an “encoder–noise–decoder” paradigm, where the watermark is typically replicated and expanded in a straightforward manner and then directly fused with image features, which limits robustness under complex distortions. Although Transformers improve fusion via attention mechanisms, their quadratic computational complexity makes high-resolutio…

The Late Permian coal-bearing strata in western Guizhou Province, South China, are developed with multiple coal seams and rich in coalbed methane (CBM) resources. Controlled by the sealing layers within the coal-bearing strata, multiple vertically superposed independent CBM systems were formed, which complicates the CBM accumulation characteristics and limits CBM development. Through systematic s…

Physics-informed deep learning models have received increasing attention in medical image segmentation and particularly in brain tumor analysis, owing to their ability to incorporate mechanistic prior knowledge into data-driven architectures. Although numerous studies have presented empirical observations using physics-informed constraints, considerably less attention has been paid to why, when, …

Rotated object detection is widely adopted in remote sensing to handle arbitrary object orientations and improve localization accuracy. However, existing methods still suffer from limited global context modeling, degraded feature representation under complex backgrounds, and suboptimal optimization caused by task coupling, which jointly restrict detection performance in challenging scenarios. To …

Croatia hosts one of the most intensive recreational boating activities in the Mediterranean, with over 134,600 registered vessels along 5835 km of Adriatic coastline. This paper presents an AI-driven simulation framework for evaluating electrification pathways for the Croatian recreational vessel fleet. A key contribution is the explicit treatment of the AIS data gap: recreational vessels in Cro…

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) is developed to estimate the spatially varying parameters of the time-dependent heat equation in one dimension. The proposed model incorporates both the forward and inverse problems to estimate the temperature and thermal properties of a laser-induced interaction with biological tissue. The network can detect the presence and location of a second layer of …

This work solves the problem associated with the lack of analytical models capable of describing the nonlinear vibration behavior of re-entrant hexagonal units when geometric nonlinearity and structural modifications, such as soft filling, are taken into account. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical framework that enables prediction and control of vibration characteristics, with …

The design of near-surface crown pillars involves the interaction between excavation geometry, rock mass quality, and the in situ stress state. This study proposes a formulation that integrates numerical modeling and empirical criteria to construct a unified framework for stability interpretation. The Modeled Span index is introduced as a hybrid measure that incorporates geometric relationships a…

The escalating global challenge of waste management, combined with the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, has intensified interest in waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies as integrated solutions for sustainable energy recovery. This review critically examines advanced WtE technologies through three interconnected dimensions: the strength of the evidence base supporting performance and …

Children’s scooters, as products integrating mobility, safety, and developmental functions, require systematic and reliable design decision-making approaches. However, existing processes often suffer from unsystematic user demand extraction, strong subjectivity in weight determination, and insufficient quantitative support for evaluating alternative schemes. To address these issues, this study pr…

Petroleum contamination of soils remains a significant environmental problem in boreal regions, where low temperatures constrain natural attenuation processes and complicate bioremediation. Nitrogen biostimulation is widely used to enhance petroleum hydrocarbon degradation; however, the combined effects of temperature regime, nitrogen form, contamination level, and nitrogen dosage remain insuffic…

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with goji berries (Lycium barbarum) on the nutritional profile, oxidative stability, and shelf life of rabbit meat. Thirty-two rabbits were assigned to two dietary treatments: a control diet (CN) and the same diet supplemented with 3% dried goji berries (GJ). Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus thoracis et lum…

In response to the limitations of traditional pipeline wax deposition monitoring, we propose a quantitative evaluation method based on the inversion of distributed optical fiber sensing signals. By establishing an experimental system and adopting a “noise suppression–restoration–enhancement” preprocessing method, the signal quality was significantly improved. The IBES-TPGM(1,1) model had the best…

Real-time feedback is increasingly valued in sports training, yet in curling it is commonly delivered through off-stone displays or post hoc review, forcing disruptive gaze shifts while athletes track a moving and continuously rotating stone, especially during collaborative sweeping. To address this gap, we present TabletStone, a stone-mounted tablet interface that provides in situ, glanceable fe…

It is well known that gas sensor responses are affected by the presence of humidity in the analyzed gas. This is particularly true when dealing with biological fluid samples, whose high moisture content interferes with the adsorption of the trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the sensors’ active layer. To address this challenge, this study focuses on designing and testing a novel sampling …