Applied Sciences

Background/Objectives: Carbohydrate ingestion is the cornerstone of post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis, but high intake rates may be limited by gastrointestinal tolerance and other recovery demands are not addressed. This narrative review aimed to classify nutritional co-strategies by their primary role in glycogen recovery, evaluate the supporting evidence, and develop a constraint-based …

This work is devoted to the study of the influence of mechanical activation of aluminum, as well as its modification with graphite on the combustion processes of solid rocket propellant (SRP). Experiments were conducted to determine the ignition induction period, combustion rate and combustion products. Experimental work on ignition and combustion diagnostics was carried out using a diagnostic sy…

Identifying favourable zones for geothermal exploration at the regional scale remains challenging, particularly in areas where conventional geophysical surveys are spatially limited or economically unfeasible. This study presents an integrated framework for delineating geothermal favourability across the Iberian Peninsula using global gravity and magnetic products combined with subsurface thermal…

The numerical modelling of existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridges represents one of the most time-consuming and operator-dependent phases of seismic vulnerability assessment. Although advanced nonlinear analysis procedures are widely available, the generation of finite element (FE) models is still commonly performed through manual operations, limiting modelling efficiency, repeatability, and i…

Equal-leg angle-steel members are widely used as main load-bearing and bracing members in transmission towers. Under elevated-temperature environments such as mountain fires and forest fires, the elastic modulus and strength of steel degrade significantly, which may reduce the overall stability capacity of compression members and even lead to instability failure. To investigate the stability perf…

Scalable classroom process evidence can support teacher reflection and expert review, but manual observation is labor-intensive and direct eye tracking is often too intrusive for routine classroom use. This paper presents a single-camera classroom video analytics system that converts ordinary classroom recordings into reviewable process evidence for teacher reflection. The system combines three-c…

Slopes excavated in coal-measure strata are prone to rainfall-induced landslides because water-induced disturbances progressively degrade rock-mass shear strength. This study investigated six coal-measure lithologies from the unloading zone of the Fushun West Open-Pit Mine using triaxial compression tests after separate wetting–drying and continuous-immersion treatments. Condition-dependent cohes…

Resistance training (RT) may alter tissue electrical properties, but whether proximity to momentary muscular failure influences longitudinal bioelectrical responses remains unclear. This study compared eight weeks of unilateral RT performed to failure (FAIL) or with repetitions in reserve (RIR) on segmental phase angle (PhA), resistance (R), and reactance (Xc). Nineteen resistance-trained adults …

Unlike medicinal products (MPs), dietary supplements (DSs), foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs) and fortified foods (FFs) available on the Polish market are not required to meet pharmacopoeial quality standards. Dose uniformity testing, a pharmacopoeial requirement for MPs, confirms both the accuracy of the declared dose and consistency between individual doses. As consumption of DSs, FSMP…

The growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to improve global standards of living. However, this trend is accompanied by an increasing demand for energy. AI is rapidly integrating into home energy management systems (HEMS). While numerous artificial neural network (ANN) models have been developed for energy consumption forecasting, they often require significant computational resour…

Roadways serving island longwall panels are highly susceptible to severe asymmetric deformation under extreme eccentric loading from multiple adjacent goafs. To address the difficulties in characterizing the surrounding rock load imbalance and the high false-negative rates of conventional algorithms under extremely imbalanced monitoring data, an intelligent assessment method integrating spatially…

Existing scientific text representation methods based on contrastive learning typically adopt a binary classification paradigm of positive and negative samples, which struggles to capture the complex, hierarchical semantic similarity relationships inherent in scientific texts. To address this, we propose SciRep, a novel two-stage ranking distillation framework. In the first stage, we distill know…

Skeleton-based action recognition via graph convolutional networks (GCNs) has achieved remarkable progress, yet two persistent bottlenecks limit practical deployment: (1) systematic confusion among fine-grained actions that differ primarily in hand or finger movements, which the standard 25-joint skeleton cannot disambiguate; and (2) training instability under small batch sizes caused by BatchNor…

Realistic head-orientation behavior contributes to the credibility of virtual human agents in scenario-based simulations. Conventional finite state machine (FSM) agents often rely on manually defined perception rules, producing repetitive head motion patterns that do not reflect action-dependent human behavior. This study derives action-specific head-orientation parameters from head-mounted inert…

Integrating traditional textile heritage into contemporary furniture design offers an innovative way to preserve cultural identity through modern materials and decorative techniques. This study investigates the color stability of hybrid decorative plywood panels fabricated using mechanical perforation and sewing techniques inspired by traditional textile motifs. The samples were evaluated using U…

AgInSe2 (AISe) nanocrystals, with their outstanding optoelectronic properties and environmentally friendly, Cd/Pb-free composition, show strong potential for applications in near-infrared luminescence and photovoltaic devices. Herein, metastable orthorhombic AISe nanocrystals were synthesized using a simplified, efficient, and environmentally friendly strategy. The results demonstrate that ligand…

The growing penetration of centralized and distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) generation has introduced significant operational challenges in power systems, most notably the “duck curve” phenomenon, which is characterized by steep net load ramp-up at dusk. This issue has become increasingly evident worldwide, including in Brazil, where solar PV capacity is expanding rapidly. In this context, thi…

Rail internal defects pose significant threats to railway operational safety, and ultrasonic B-scan imaging provides an effective nondestructive testing approach for visualizing subsurface rail conditions. However, manual interpretation of B-scan images is time-consuming and depends heavily on operator experience. To overcome this problem, a Multi-scale Dense Attention Network (MSDA-Net) is propo…

Blocky-rock masses are prone to dynamic slip along sand-filled joints under impact disturbance. The constraint normal to the joint and the size of the infill particles jointly influence their stability. To determine how axial load and particle-size affect dynamic slip, this study uses a custom-developed dynamic slip testing system for blocky-rock masses. Impact-disturbance tests are conducted und…

This paper presents an Industry 4.0-based intelligent monitoring and control system for the production of zhaya and molded meat products using Internet of Things (IoT), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technologies. The study considers massaging, injection, salting, thermal processing, smoking, vacuum packaging, cooling, and stora…