Applied Sciences

Promoting learners’ knowledge construction during inquiry-based learning has long been a central concern in the learning sciences. To support learners’ logical reasoning, this study developed an instructional system integrating generative AI-based dynamic scaffolding with a physical robotic arm. The system incorporates two logic reasoning tasks—the Bottle-Taking Game and the River-Crossing Game—t…

Mobile-reader trajectories strongly affect phase-based Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) localization because measurement geometry, noise, multipath, and packet loss determine the information available to the estimator. This paper presents a tabular Q-learning method whose reward is computed from the RFID localization error generated along each candidate antenna motion rather than from geomet…

Consistency verification of drilling reports is critical for engineering quality control because a single data item may be distributed across reports with different formats, units, and page structures. Existing retrieval-augmented generation methods remain sensitive to retrieval and parsing errors in such documents, whereas ultra-large models impose substantial local computing and memory costs. T…

Aiming at the difficulty of extracting fault features from nonlinear and non-stationary vibration signals of planetary gearboxes, a planetary gearbox fault diagnosis method based on Refined Composite Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy (RCMFE), Parametric-t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (P-t-SNE), and Artificial Jellyfish Search Algorithm Optimized Support Vector Machine (JS-SVM) is proposed. Fi…

Liquid-lubricated spherical spiral-groove hydrodynamic bearings (SSGB) sustain composite loads under high-speed conditions. This study establishes a numerical framework for SSGB lubrication and proposes a physics-guided hybrid surrogate model to accelerate rotor dynamic analysis. The spherical Reynolds equation is solved via the finite-difference method to determine pressure distributions and dyn…

Charge accumulation at polyimide (PI)/sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) boundaries can reorganize the molecular environment of gas-insulated equipment, yet near-surface population is often treated as a single adsorption response. We used atomistic molecular dynamics to resolve three distinct quantities at static surfaces of four 4,4′-oxydianiline-based PIs: gas loading, reservoir-referenced interfacial p…

Landslides in weathered gypsum deposits present significant geotechnical challenges because progressive weathering, groundwater fluctuations, and residual strength degradation strongly influence slope stability. This study investigates the failure mechanism and remediation of a large translational landslide in weathered gypsum deposits in Çankırı, Türkiye. An integrated engineering geological ass…

Developing autonomous navigation systems for small fishing vessels is required to improve path-tracking robustness and mitigate severe wave-induced roll motions. This study proposes a Deep Q-Network (DQN)-based operational path planning methodology that explicitly incorporates roll motion reduction into the reward function, combining a maneuvering model with hydrodynamic analyses. Simulation resu…

This paper proposes a resilience assessment model for irregular intersections that combines conflict analysis, channelization conditions, and traffic operational data to identify turning movements with high cascading-failure potential. Turning movements are the basic analytical unit. A channelization-weighted conflict matrix captures coupling among traffic flows by incorporating signal phase sepa…

This study addresses the challenge of incomplete indoor environmental monitoring data under alternate-floor sensor deployment in multi-story residential buildings. To enable cost-effective environmental sensing, a Building Environmental Data Reconstruction Framework (EDRF) is proposed for estimating unmonitored floor conditions. The EDRF integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) for spatial…

Cantilever roadheaders are widely used in medium-soft rock tunneling. However, conventional pick cutters suffer from high rock-breaking load, excessive energy consumption, and severe abrasion, which restrict the performance of roadheader vehicle-end intelligent control systems. Existing ultrasonic rock-breaking studies mainly focus on drilling and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters, wh…

The upcoming proliferation of Automated Vehicles (AVs) above Level 3 fundamentally disrupts established communicative conventions between road users and vehicles, and external Human–Machine Interface (eHMI) emerges as the primary channel for conveying vehicle intent to pedestrians, cyclists, and other drivers. Despite the standardisation of the marker lamp of AVs and the growing research activity…

Energy planning is a growing challenge driven by the global push for decarbonization and the need to modernize aging power grids. This issue is particularly critical for islands, which often endure energy vulnerability and a high dependency on imported fossil fuels. While the electrification of transport is a popular option to reduce emissions, the integration of Electric Vehicles into weak islan…

Ensuring transparency and security in digital recruitment systems remains a critical challenge. This study proposes BC-XAIA, a unified framework that integrates blockchain, smart contracts, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and agile methodology to enable consistent, secure, and traceable recruitment decision-making. Smart contracts, implemented in Solidity and deployed using the Remix E…

Early layout decisions in in vitro diagnostic devices can affect operators’ viewing, reaching, and sample-loading actions. This study examined a concept-stage workflow that combined a low-fidelity bench with single-smartphone markerless motion capture before a complete engineering prototype was available. Interviews with seven engineers and task analysis were used to define posture-risk criteria,…

The accurate prediction of anchor penetration depth is critical for assessing the potential risk of emergency anchoring to subsea infrastructure. In this study, a three-dimensional coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) model was developed to investigate the dynamic penetration behavior of a Hall anchor in homogeneous clay and soft-over-stiff layered clay. The model was validated against published exp…

Low-density lignocellulosic foams offer a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging materials; however, their low density increases shipping costs, and dust generation during handling can limit their practical use. In this study, we demonstrate that these foams can be compressed into thin sheets to reduce shipping volume and subsequently recover up to 65% of their original thickness when …

Artisanal farmers in developing regions capture limited commercial value due to information asymmetries, market fragmentation, and informal intermediation, where commercialization, rather than production, is the main bottleneck for rural income. This study formalizes artisanal agricultural commercialization as a buyer-recommendation problem in a sparse bilateral market. We propose a context-aware…

Accurately modeling learners’ course preferences is a key task in Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) recommendation. Existing sequential recommendation methods can capture recent changes in learners’ interests but have limited ability to exploit shared preference patterns across learners. In contrast, graph-based recommendation methods can capture collaborative information from learner–course inte…

Aero-propulsive interactions in flapped configurations are a critical consideration for Short Take-Off and Landing (stol) aircraft, where extreme operational requirements demand robust, optimization-ready methodologies during preliminary design. This study develops a surrogate modeling framework that predicts the section-level aerodynamic response of a propeller–airfoil–flap configuration across …