Psychopharmacology

Abstract Rationale Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heterogeneity in symptoms and cognitive deficits. According to the Triple Pathway Model, this variability may stem from impairments in three neuropsychological domains: inhibition, motivation, and temporal processing. Repeated low-dose administration of psychedelics is being explored as a treatment for ADHD, but …

Abstract Rationale Clinical interest in psilocybin-assisted rehabilitation for motor disorders is growing. However, psilocybin’s motor effects are under-researched, and quantifying them is essential for assessing treatment risks and outcomes. Objectives This study aims to clarify whether acute effects of psilocybin disrupt established patterns of manual dexterity and coordination. Specifically, w…

Abstract Background Intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of opioids by rats has been shown frequently to exhibit no sex differences, in many cases a higher intake of females, and only rarely higher rates in males. A diversity of methodological parameters (opioid identity, training doses, rat strain, session duration) makes it difficult to identify consistent contributions to these outcomes. Obj…

Abstract The translation of pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains challenging despite advances in neuroscientific and molecular sciences enabling unprecedented levels of analysis. We propose that formal characterization of pre-clinical discrete choice procedures with human decision-making models offers a solution. We review evidence supporting choice procedures in the …

Abstract Rationale Vornorexant is a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist for insomnia treatment with the shortest half-life in its class. Objective This study aimed to compare the next-morning residual effects of vornorexant and zopiclone following bedtime administration in healthy older adults. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, four-way crossover study, 1…

Abstract Rationale Opioid use disorders are marked by both drug use despite negative consequences and drug use to avoid negative physiological and psychological states. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) system modulates reward- and stress-related responses, but its role in both male and female rats remains incompletely understood. Objective To investigate the role of the DRN 5-HT sy…

Abstract Introduction The regular consumption of cannabis has been associated with changes in cognition. However it is unclear how cognitive performance changes over time with continued cannabis use and whether cognitive alterations predate the onset of cannabis use. We conducted a narrative review of longitudinal observational naturalistic studies of cognition in people who use cannabis. Methods…

Whole plants and mushrooms contain hundreds or thousands of compounds, many of which are directly bioactive and/or interact with other compounds to influence biological outcomes.The interactions among bioactive metabolites to enhance the activity of the primary active components has been termed the entourage effect (Russo 2018), although antagonistic or inhibitory actions can also occur.One of th…

As cannabis legalization and decriminalization have expanded, it is increasingly perceived as a low-risk substance. Concurrently, the potency of cannabis products and the number of young adults seeking treatment for cannabis use disorder have risen markedly. A growing body of research links early onset, frequent use, and high potency cannabis products to a range of adverse outcomes. This study ai…