Energy & Environmental Science

Separator-free battery design can maximize volumetric energy density by eliminating the separator-induced ion-transport barrier. However, its application in aqueous zinc-iodide (Zn-I2) batteries has been hampered by severe polyiodide shuttling and...

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) hold great promise as low-cost and sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, yet their practical deployment is hindered by rapid capacity decay driven by irreversible potassium loss and...

Despite a growing number of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on green hydrogen technologies, a lack of harmonization in how to scope the LCA modeling framework and transparently disseminate results...

Distributions of net charge, and associated electric fields and potentials, for an equilibrated semiconductor pn-homojunction are identical to those of initial nonequilibrium flux and transport rate for each charged species, if light absorption is uniform in space.

Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with a high energy density for ultralow-temperature use are crucial for polar and space explorations, but hindered by the lack of suitable electrolytes and electrodes. We...

Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AFSBs) offer a compelling route toward high-energy and sustainable electrochemical storage by eliminating excess sodium and inactive anode hosts. Yet their practical viability is fundamentally limited...

Electrochemical CO2 conversion is approaching industrially relevant performance, yet its practical deployment is constrained by insufficient stability under realistic operating conditions. We reframe stability as a dynamic, system-wide property rather...

Molecular single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer tunable and well-defined active sites, rendering them ideal model systems to explore fundamental concepts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the high-efficiency molecular SACs are...

Silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, metal oxides, and their related compounds have emerged as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacities. However, their practical application is...

Reversed LBL strategy based on polymer scaffold with small-molecule interstitial filling enables ideal active layer morphology, achieving >19% efficiency and exceptional stability in inverted organic solar cells with broad material applicability.

This review article discusses prominent patterning methods and module architectures for the scalable fabrication of organic and perovskite solar cell modules.

Wide-bandgap perovskites are critical for achieving high-efficiency perovskite-based tandem solar cells, yet their practical deployment remains limited by stability challenges such as ion migration and halide phase segregation. Here, we...

Ventilated-air junction heat treatment (JHT) promotes Zn diffusion across the CZTSSe/ZTO interface, leading to intrinsic defect compensation and optimized band alignment, thereby enabling a certified PCE of 13.90% in Cd-free CZTSSe solar cells.

Electrolyte additive has shown great power for improving the stability of lithium metal batteries.However, the weak ion dissociation of additives in carbonate electrolytes and the limited modification effect at cathode...

Broader contextPractical high temperature (> 80 °C) zinc-ion batteries with high energy density and stable cycling performance are greatly desirable for sustainable energy storage, but they remain constrained by the...

EBSD reveals that alloying interlayers dictate Li microstructure in solid-state batteries. Au and Ag induce smaller grains, while Bi promotes larger grains. This demonstrates that interlayers offer the possibility of lithium microstructure control.

A stepwise trifluoromethyl substitution strategy is developed for the structural modification of small-molecule acceptors. The device based on –C(CF 3 ) 3 functionalized CHE-9F achieves an efficiency of 20.30%.

The fabrication of high-quality Cs x FA 1-x PbI 3 -based perovskite films is often limited by inhomogeneous crystallization and concomitant numerous defects. Here, we introduce 2-aminoethylmethylsulfone hydrochloride (AEMS) as...

An interlayer chemical confinement strategy is proposed to improve the Cl 2 /LiCl conversion kinetics in rechargeable Li–Cl 2 batteries.

Interfacial modification is a key strategy for improving the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices. However, most commonly, improvements in device performance through surface treatments of the perovskite active layer are attributed to defect passivation. At the same time, such treatments may also lead to the formation of a dipole at the surface of the perovskite active layer. In this wor…