Frontiers in Plant Science

Introduction Restored estuarine floodplains with an artificially controlled reduced tide (CRT) are dynamic areas created for flood protection whilst also providing habitats for estuarine wildlife. However, the reintroduction of the tide poses stressors, including salinity and waterlogged soils because of periodic flooding, on established vegetation such as English oak ( Quercus robur ). Therefore…

Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop in the world, serving as a key source of edible oil and protein. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses were conducted on 87 accessions from the U.S. peanut mini-core collection using 217 Gb of high-quality resequencing data to identify the candidate genes and markers that underlie the leaf spot resistance and seed dormancy in peanuts. A t…

Introduction This study was carried out for two years to determine the performance of different peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in terms of yield, quality, physiological parameters, and bioactive compounds, and to identify the relationships among these traits using multivariate analysis methods. Methods In the study, the pod yield, oil and protein content, fatty acid composition, leaf are…

Introduction Freshwater scarcity and soil salinization constrain agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Freezing saline water irrigation (FSWI) offers a potential strategy for using saline water during the freeze-thaw period, but the optimal irrigation amount and its yield-driving mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Here, a three-year field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 202…

The objective of this study is to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of sugar metabolism in maize stalks at varying planting densities. Targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on stem samples of two varieties (M1 B12 and M2 J1590) at two planting densities (105,000 plants ha -1 and 135,000 plants ha -1 ) during the tasselling stage and grain filling stage. Combined wi…

Introduction Submerged macrophytes are essential for maintaining the structure and functioning of shallow lake ecosystems. Seasonal environmental fluctuations strongly shape the structure and recovery capacity of submerged macrophyte communities. Methods To evaluate seasonal recovery potential and environmental constraints in Baiyangdian Lake, we integrated species richness, biomass, community st…

In this study, a garlic DNA fingerprinting system based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was developed using representative cultivated garlic accessions. SNP markers were identified based on reduced-representation genome sequencing (GBS) data from 77 garlic accessions. A total of 26,701,817 raw SNPs were detected and subsequently filtered to obtain 7,006 high-quality candidate SNP loci. …

The origin and evolutionary dynamics of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a pivotal frontier in plant functional genomics. Here, we investigated pseudo-GhFAD2-1 ( pGhFAD2-1 ), a functionally validated lncRNA regulating cottonseed fatty acid metabolism in Gossypium hirsutum , delineating its evolutionary origin and structural dynamics through a comprehensive cross-genomic comparative strate…

Drought stress profoundly impacts agricultural productivity, significantly reducing crop yields and global food insecurity. Consequently, improving crops to develop resistance against drought stress is imperative. To combat the adverse impact of climate change on crop productivity, designing the root system architecture (RSA) of crops can be a viable option. RSA is essential for crop adaptation a…

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide, occupying an important position in the agricultural industries of Asia, the Middle East, and Southern Europe. Its significance extends beyond agricultural economics to diverse dimensions such as dietary nutrition, rendering it of considerable research and application value. Traditional crop phenotyping methods suffer…

While mutagenesis breeding has been widely applied in major crops, its implementation in tropical horticultural species remains limited. In this study, we established a pingyangmycin-induced mutagenesis system using in vitro –cultured embryogenic callus of litchi. Treatment with gradient concentrations of pingyangmycin (0–40 mg/L) revealed an inverse relationship between chemical dosage and cell …

Introduction Optimizing fertilization strategies in Melissa officinalis L. requires an integrated assessment of biomass production and secondary metabolite synthesis. Methods This study evaluated the effects of organic and organomineral fertilization on herbage yield, essential oil (EO) yield, and leaf rosmarinic acid (RA) content under field conditions in Ödemiş (Türkiye) during the warm and dry…

Accurate plant disease segmentation is often constrained by the availability of large, finely annotated datasets, particularly for rare diseases. This work presents a synthetic data generation pipeline that combines 3D leaf modelling with diffusion-based disease synthesis to address this limitation. Procedurally-generated leaf geometries are built in the 3D modelling package Blender to provide ex…

Background The formation of secondary cell walls (SCWs) determines lignocellulosic composition and cell wall architecture. NAC transcription factors ( NAM / ATAF1 / CUC2 ) act as master regulators of the SCW transcriptional network. This study characterized MfSWN1 , a Miscanthus floridulus NAC transcription factor homologous to NAC regulators of SCW synthesis, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a hete…

Introduction Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play pivotal roles in plant adaptation to metallic elements, yet the mechanisms by which leguminous bHLHs regulate iron (Fe) homeostasis and cadmium (Cd) stress adaptation remain inadequately understood. Methods MsbHLH60 and its promoter was cloned from alfalfa. The expression of MsbHLH60 under iron deficiency (–Fe), Cd, and Cd acco…

Understanding the relationship between the application of soil conditioners and soil quality is crucial for achieving sustainably high crop yields and the remediation of saline-alkali soils in agricultural systems. However, to date, there have been few reports on the use of soil quality index (SQI) to characterize soil quality restoration in different soil layers of saline alkali land. We conduct…

Natural rubber harvesting remains highly dependent on manual labor, particularly during latex cup collection, which limits efficiency and increases operational costs. Intelligent robotic harvesting systems require accurate visual perception and reliable grasp point positioning under rubber plantation environments. However, latex cups are typically small, visually diverse, and often affected by ad…

Chromium (Cr) contamination severely reduces soybean growth by impairing photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and osmolyte balance, posing a significant threat to food security. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and jasmonic acid (JA) in mitigating chromium (Cr) stress in soybean plants. Chromium stress markedly reduced delta amino levulinic acid (64.…

Salt stress, one of the most detrimental environmental constraints, severely impairs plant growth and productivity by inducing ionic imbalance, osmotic stress, and oxidative damage. In response, plants synthesize a diverse array of secondary metabolites that help maintain cellular turgor, improve water uptake, restore osmotic homeostasis, scavenge reactive oxygen species, and fine-tune growth and…