Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment

Abstract Studying urban heat islands (UHIs) in Southern Europe is crucial, as they amplify heat risks under climate change. UHIs and their temporal variability at seven urban–rural pair locations in Spain were analysed from 1970 to 2023. The UHI was defined as the air temperature difference between each urban site and its neighbouring rural sites, and trends were analysed using the non-parametric…

Abstract Understanding the factors that control tsunami-induced fatalities remains a major challenge due to the complex, nonlinear interplay between hazard intensity, evacuation dynamics and social vulnerability. Previous empirical approaches, largely based on simple regressions, have offered valuable insights but remain limited in their ability to represent threshold effects and context-specific…

This paper introduces goodness-of-fit tests for parametric circular regression models with spatially correlated errors, motivated by the analysis of wave direction data in the Adriatic Sea. The proposed methodology confronts a parametric model with a local linear kernel estimator that accounts for both the circular nature of the response and the spatial dependence in the observed field. Two test …

Abstract Engineered injection and extraction systems that create chaotic advection are promising procedures for enhancing mixing between two species. Mixing efficiencies vary considerably, so carefully selecting the design parameters, like pumping rates, well locations, or operation times, is crucial. While numerous studies investigate the conditions required to achieve chaotic flow, sensitivity …

Abstract Hydrologic models often exhibit inaccuracies in representing key hydrological fluxes due to uncertainties arising from the necessary simplification of complex processes and input data. Soil databases, commonly used in hydrological models, vary in format, resolution, and parameter range, leading to diverse approaches for generating soil inputs in process-based models. This study employs b…