Pharmaceuticals

Radiopharmaceutical Theranostics defines the combination of molecularly targeted imaging and therapy in two consecutive phases. Targeted theranostic approaches are most established for the management of advanced prostate, thyroid and hepatocellular cancer, as well as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Adrenal malignancies present a complex challenge, requiring highly specialized management. The two pr…

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major complication of sepsis, driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpenoid glycoside, has demonstrated notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential therapeutic value in ALI. Methods: Sepsis-induced ALI was established in mice using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. The prote…

Background/Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide and exhibits substantial biological heterogeneity that is not adequately captured by current symptom-based diagnostic systems. While the classical monoamine hypothesis has historically guided antidepressant development, it does not fully account for variability in treatment response, delayed the…

Objectives: Pilose antler protein extract (PAE) was investigated for its therapeutic efficacy against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: An OVX rat model was established to evaluate the effects of PAE on bone microarchitecture, histopathological changes, and bone metabolism-related parameters. Bone structure was assessed using Micro-CT and hist…

Empowered by nanotechnology, messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have shown a rapid evolution post COVID-19 from a conceptual platform to a clinically validated modality, and they diversified into oncology, cardiovascular diseases, and rare disorders. As a template for in situ protein production, it offers several advantages over traditional proteins and DNA drugs. The intrinsic stability of mRNA a…

Background: Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is an injury-induced gastric epithelial reprogramming state with limited therapeutic options. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in epithelial stress responses, its contribution to SPEM development remains incompletely understood. Traditional herbal decoctions have shown potential in alleviating gastric epithelia…

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta accumulation and neuroinflammation, yet the molecular target of Ginsenoside Rg1 remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1, specifically investigating its interaction with C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Methods: We utilized 5xFAD transgenic mice and CCR3-ov…

Background/Objectives: Since 2016, the mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) enzymes has become a major molecular marker for glioma classification and diagnosis. Moreover, the recent success of the INDIGO clinical trial on AG-881 (vorasidenib®), an aminotriazine-based mutated IDH1/2 inhibitor (IC50 = 6 nM/12 nM), validated the need for noninvasive detection of mIDH1 in brain tumors. This…

Background/Objectives: Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene compound exhibiting a wide range of biological activities, and it has been extensively utilized as both a food additive and a pharmaceutical active ingredient. Typically, it can be directly extracted from natural sources such as grapes, mulberries, and peanuts, or obtained through catalytic hydrolysis of polydatin. …

Triple-negative breast cancer represents one of the most aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtypes of breast malignancies, characterized by marked biological heterogeneity, rapid progression, and limited targeted treatment options. Conventional therapies are frequently constrained by drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and high rates of recurrence. In this context, natural products have…

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviors that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life. Many patients fail to achieve sufficient symptom relief with first-line treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Dopaminergic dysregulation …

Background: Despite mesalamine’s efficacy in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients fail to achieve complete clinical or biochemical remission. Pentoxifylline (PTX) may act as an adjunct therapy by modulating cytokine production and oxidative stress. Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of adding PTX in patients with UC. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-contr…

In the original publication [...]

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity affecting many patients treated with neurotoxic agents, leading to persistent pain and impaired quality of life. Methods: In our trial, Trial ID: NCT06091553, 160 patients met the eligibility criteria and were randomized into three groups. First, Arm D (duloxetine). Second, Arm (D + A): duloxetine is augme…

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and are primarily driven by activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), particularly imatinib, have substantially improved outcomes, most patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance, resulting in disease progression. Me…

Background: Neuronal apoptosis is the core pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemic–reperfusion injury (CIRI); although Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has demonstrated neuroprotective activity against CIRI, its specific molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this apoptosis-related pathway remain to be systematically elucidated. Methods: We establish an in vivo model of middle cerebral art…

Background/Objectives: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, its clinical utility is limited by the drug’s resistance development, low oral bioavailability, and dose-dependent side effects. The semi-essential amino acid, L-arginine, has gained attention as a potential adjuvant that could improve the drug distribution and cyt…

Objectives: As widely used first-line antihypertensive drugs, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DHP-CCBs) have relatively few studies comparing their adverse reactions based on real-world data. This study aims to identify and compare the potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals of four DHP-CCBs (amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, and nifedipine) through the US Food and Drug Adminis…

Background/Objectives: Retinoblastoma represents the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood; however, the clinical applicability of mitomycin C (MMC) is restricted by dose-dependent ocular toxicity. Consequently, the development of pharmacological strategies that sensitize tumor cells to MMC while allowing dose reduction remains an unmet therapeutic objective. In this context, quercetin,…

Background/Objectives: Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Guadecitabine, a hypomethylating agent (HMA), has shown promising clinical activity when combined with carboplatin in preclinical models. We evaluated the combination of guadecitabine with carboplatin as a second-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung …