Essential oils (EO) derived from mint (Mentha spp.) have high commercial value and are experiencing increasing global demand across the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This review synthesises the recent advances in biotechnological and agronomic strategies for enhancing the EO yield and quality of mint and evaluates the potential of integrating these approaches for sustainable, resilient and high-value production systems. Engineering the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, es