Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) represent a transformative pharmacological class simultaneously addressing two major global health burdens: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This review synthesizes and compares clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cardiovascular outcome trials published between 2015 and 2025. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted drawing on evidence from at least 15