Abstract Hydrological alteration, eutrophication and macrophyte invasion generate novel ecological states and biotic homogenization in shallow lakes. As these stressors increasingly co-occur and unfold over decades to centuries, disentangling their combined effects on invertebrate assemblages remains however challenging. To assess their long-term (decades-centuries) interactions on driving aquatic invertebrates, we analysed three ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediment cores spanning contrasting dominance of the i