Sex-Specific Biomechanical Responses of the Neck Muscles to Standardized Writing Load: Implications for Women's Health at Work

Backround: Musculoskeletal disorders associated with muscular strain on the neck and shoulders affect women in administration more often than men. Ergonomic guidelines have historically been derived from male models, often ignoring biomechanical differences between the sexes. The study aims to quantify the acute biomechanical response of the neck muscles of men and women to a standardized writing task. Methods: The research involved 57 healthy university students (34 women, 23 men; age 19–24 yea