Development and validation of a nomogram predicting rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with patent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

BACKGROUND Even with stent patency following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement, some patients still experience recurrent variceal bleeding. AIM To identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for rebleeding in patients with patent TIPS stents. METHODS Cirrhotic patients (n = 647) undergoing TIPS (2010-2024) were retrospectively analyzed and grouped by rebleeding status. Propensity score matching (1:3) was performed for age, sex, and model for end-stage liver