Since the drug-resistant strains, prolonging treatment duration, increasing mortality rates, together with raising healthcare costs caused by antibiotic resistance has become a critical global problem, the scientists have been seeking alternative treatments options such as probiotic supplementation. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of standard probiotic microorganisms (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 14931, Bifidobacterium bi