In this editorial, we comment on the article by Muñoz-Serrano et al published in the World Journal of Transplantation . Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most frequent and severe complications after liver transplantation (LT), threatening long-term survival beyond graft-related issues. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, combining calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity with pre- and perioperative renal insults and metabolic comorbidities. We reviewed recent evidence from clinical tr