Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons

Abstract As the global population ages, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases are becoming a rapidly growing public health challenge, with available interventions remaining largely symptomatic and often only modestly affecting long-term disease progression. Therapies involving mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted substantial attention as a potential clinical therapeutic strategy across chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, due to their multifaceted ability to modu