A dynamic state estimation framework for adaptive overcurrent and overvoltage relay coordination to address protection challenges in distribution systems with high PV integration

Abstract The widespread incorporation of high-penetration PV systems into contemporary distribution networks significantly compromises the reliability of traditional, statically-configured overcurrent and overvoltage protection mechanisms. The transition to bidirectional and highly variable power flows, prompted by decarbonization initiatives, results in ongoing issues such as protection blinding, nuisance tripping, and loss of coordination, thereby threatening system security and limiting renew