Association of sleep variability and irregularity with gestational metabolic syndrome: a birth cohort study

Background Pregnant women exhibit a high prevalence of sleep disturbances; however, the relationships between sleep variability, sleep irregularity, and gestational metabolic syndrome (GMS) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate prospective associations of sleep variability and irregularity with the odds of GMS and its individual components. Methods Four sub-cohorts of pregnant women were established based on data from the Fujian Birth Cohort Study (FJBCS) collected from 2019