Involvement of the dorsal raphe serotonin system in basal and punished heroin self-administration and stress-induced reinstatement in male and female rats

Abstract Rationale Opioid use disorders are marked by both drug use despite negative consequences and drug use to avoid negative physiological and psychological states. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) system modulates reward- and stress-related responses, but its role in both male and female rats remains incompletely understood. Objective To investigate the role of the DRN 5-HT system in heroin-motivated behaviors in male and female rats, and, in parallel, to examine the impacts