Temporal trend of serum vitamin profiles and the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background Few studies have simultaneously examined temporal trends in multiple serum vitamins and their associations with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially in non-Western populations. This study aimed to characterize temporal trends of serum vitamins (A, B9, B12, D, E) among Chinese adults undergoing health examinations (2015–2023) and explore their associations with NAFLD. Methods Subjects were extracted from the electronic health records of the Department of Health Managem