An image dataset of Chinese hickory in natural orchards

We present CaryaData, an image dataset of Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) fruit maturity acquired in natural orchards in Zhejiang Province, China. The dataset comprises 1,661 canopy images (3024 × 3024 pixels) spanning key developmental stages from fruit enlargement to harvest. Within these images, 3,211 visually discernible fruit instances are annotated with axis-aligned bounding boxes and assigned to three maturity levels (maturity1–maturity3) or an unknown class for visually uncerta