Current state of the art in the transmission of mitochondrial DNA pathogenic variants: reviewing preventive-therapeutic alternatives

Abstract This review analyzes strategies to prevent or reduce the transmission of diseases caused by pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Among these, we will focus on prenatal screening, preimplantation genetic testing, gene-editing techniques, other molecular tools, and selected heterologous mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs), explaining their status and the uncertainties surrounding their clinical application. After this analysis and review, we recognise the limitations