Uridine inhibits ROS-mediated osteoclast differentiation and alleviates osteoporosis via modulation of PI3K/Akt–FoxO signaling

Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by dysregulated osteoclast activity, resulting in increased bone degradation and compromised bone microarchitecture. While the interconnection between osteoclast differentiation and cellular energy metabolism has become increasingly recognized, the role of pyrimidine metabolism in this process remains largely undefined. Methods Integrative multi-omics analyses were performed to characterize transcriptional and metabolic alteration