Virus particle-based antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay for HIV

Introduction Antibodies mediate a wide range of antiviral functions, including neutralization and diverse Fc-dependent effector activities. Among these, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) has emerged as an important mechanism contributing to pathogen clearance, including during HIV-1 infection. Conventional bead-based ADCP assays typically rely on recombinant envelope glycoprotein (Env), which offers practical advantages but fails to fully recapitulate the native structural, conform